The Fascinating World of Nanotechnology: Applications and Challenges

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of materials at the atomic level to create structures with unique properties. At this molecular scale, materials can behave in unexpected and unknown ways. For example, gold is a typically inert element in standard form, but becomes a highly reactive catalyst for reactions when reduced to nanoscale particles. Additionally, when carbon is arranged as graphene sheets, it shows incredible strength and electrical conductivity. This makes these materials very suitable for a variety of applications in the modern world.

Figure 1 - Nanotechnology Visual (Cuffari)

Nanotechnology in Pharmaceuticals

Usually, when medication is given, the medicine travels through the body and works against diseased tissues along with healthy ones. This can result in side effects which are particularly seen in treatments such as chemotherapy for cancer. However, nanotechnology would allow for the design of nanoparticles to target specific cells, such as cancerous tumours. This would reduce the damage to healthy tissues and prevent further side effects from occurring.

Figure 2 - Nanotechnology Working in DNA Body (Lozano)

These nanoparticles can be engineered to attach to specific receptors on the surface of cancer cells, which deliver the drug directly where it's required. 

Environmental and Industrial Uses

Nanotechnology also has significant potential to address environmental challenges. One area where this is being explored is in water purification. Nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and metal-oxide nanostructures, can  filter contaminants more effectively than traditional methods. These materials could remove heavy metals, bacteria, and other pollutants from water sources, which proves cleaner and safer water to drink for many communities that suffer health problems from unclean water.

The Potential of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is still in its stage of development, but its potential to revolutionise industries and improve lives is unmatched. Researchers are only beginning to scratch the surface of what is possible, from advanced medical therapies and clean energy solutions to stronger and lighter materials for everyday use.

References

Cuffari, Benedette. “What Is DNA Nanotechnology?” News-Medical.net, 21 Aug. 2020, www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-DNA-Nanotechnology.aspx. Accessed 26 Oct. 2024.

Lozano, Carey. “Nanotechnology.” Education.nationalgeographic.org, National Geographic Society, 27 Sept. 2022, education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/nanotechnology/. Accessed 26 Oct. 2024.

Oppermann, Artem. “What Is Nanotechnology? (Definition, Examples, Risks) | Built In.” Builtin.com, 13 Feb. 2023, builtin.com/hardware/nanotechnology. Accessed 26 Oct. 2024.

Tannenbaum, Daniel. “A Comprehensive Overview of Nanotechnology and Applications of Nanotechnology - IT Security Guru.” It’s Security Guru, 5 Feb. 2024, www.itsecurityguru.org/2024/02/05/a-comprehensive-overview-of-nanotechnology-and-applications-of-nanotechnology/.